Common Name: Mullein
Scientific Name: Verbascum thapsus
Areas of the United States Found in Nature
Mullein is commonly found in dry, rocky soils, open fields, along roadsides, and in disturbed areas throughout the United States. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soils and is especially prevalent in the Midwest and Western regions.
How to Identify It
Mullein is a biennial plant that produces a rosette of fuzzy, gray-green leaves in its first year. In its second year, it sends up a tall, erect flower spike that can reach up to 6 feet in height. The leaves are large, soft, and covered in dense, velvety hairs. The flower spike is densely packed with small yellow flowers that bloom sequentially from the bottom up during the summer months.
How and When to Harvest for the Highest Medicinal Value
Harvest Mullein leaves in the first year or early in the second year before the flower stalk develops, as this is when the leaves are most potent. Flowers can be harvested as they bloom in the second year. Collect on a dry day after the morning dew has dried to ensure the plant material is dry and to prevent mold during preservation.
How to Preserve the Herb for Future Use
Dry Mullein leaves and flowers separately by spreading them out in a single layer on a drying rack in a warm, airy location away from direct sunlight. Alternatively, you can use a dehydrator set to a low temperature. Once dried, store the herb in airtight containers, such as glass jars, away from light and moisture. Properly dried Mullein can be stored for up to a year.
Medicinal Uses
Mullein is known for its soothing effects on the respiratory system and is commonly used to treat coughs, colds, and throat irritation. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory and demulcent.
Tea
Steep 1-2 teaspoons of dried Mullein leaves in hot water for 10-15 minutes. Strain through a fine sieve or cloth to remove the tiny hairs, which can be irritating. This tea can help soothe the respiratory tract, reduce inflammation, and relieve coughs.
Infused Oil
Infuse Mullein flowers in olive oil for several weeks, then strain the oil through a fine cloth. This oil can be used to treat earaches, minor skin irritations, and muscle pain.
Poultice
Fresh Mullein leaves can be crushed and applied directly to the skin to reduce inflammation and promote healing of minor wounds and irritations.
How to Propagate for Annual Use in Your Garden
Mullein can be propagated by seed.
From Seed
Scatter Mullein seeds on the surface of the soil in spring or fall, as they require light to germinate. Gently press the seeds into the soil without covering them. Mullein prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Keep the soil moist until germination, which typically occurs in 2-3 weeks.
By Division
Mullein is typically propagated by seed rather than division, as the plant has a deep taproot and does not divide easily. However, mature plants can self-seed prolifically, creating new plants naturally in your garden.
How to Over-Winter the Plant
Mullein is very hardy and requires no special winter care.
Cut Back
After the first frost, cut back any dead stems to about 2-3 inches above the ground to tidy up the garden. The rosette of leaves may persist through winter.
Mulch
In very cold regions, a light layer of mulch can be applied around the base of the plant to protect the roots, though this is generally not necessary.
Watering
Mullein is drought-tolerant and does not need additional watering during the winter. Ensure the soil remains well-drained to prevent root rot.
In the spring, remove any mulch and allow new growth to emerge. Mullein will regrow from its roots and continue to thrive, providing its medicinal benefits for years to come.
